CVE-2026-116786
FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.
Fixes and workarounds
No remediation reported in collected sources.
Missing remediation information is not evidence that no patch exists.
Affected products and versions
| Product | Versions | Authority |
|---|---|---|
| freeswitch signalwire |
< 1.11.2 (affected) | CNA: GitHub_M |
Version ranges are source assertions. Check the vendor advisory and your installed configuration before determining exposure.
CVSS assessments
| Version / score | Vector | Authority |
|---|---|---|
| 3.1 / 8.8 high |
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H | CNA: GitHub_M |
| 3.1 / 8.8 high |
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H | NVD: [email protected] |
Exploit evidence
No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.
References
- https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fjCNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/fbac12b451a146fdac5104d25d337145be989e84CNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases/tag/v1.11.2CNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/fbac12b451a146fdac5104d25d337145be989e84[email protected]
- https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases/tag/v1.11.2[email protected]
- https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fj[email protected]
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