{"affected":[{"product":"freeswitch","source":"CNA: GitHub_M","vendor":"signalwire","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"< 1.11.2"}]}],"cveId":"CVE-2026-116786","cwes":["CWE-77","CWE-94"],"description":"FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.","epss":{"date":"2026-11-09","percentile":0.38724,"score":0.00442},"exploits":[],"kev":null,"metrics":[{"score":8.8,"severity":"high","source":"CNA: GitHub_M","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},{"score":8.8,"severity":"high","source":"NVD: security-advisories@github.com","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}],"modifiedAt":1794247482867,"publishedAt":1793906723486,"references":[{"source":"CNA: GitHub_M","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"],"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fj"},{"source":"CNA: GitHub_M","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"],"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/fbac12b451a146fdac5104d25d337145be989e84"},{"source":"CNA: GitHub_M","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"],"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases/tag/v1.11.2"},{"source":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/fbac12b451a146fdac5104d25d337145be989e84"},{"source":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases/tag/v1.11.2"},{"source":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":[],"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fj"}],"remediation":[],"revision":"a0a7fecc889414628391a2cead1c490ad3b484474a998d0620ea423f19f35596","sources":[{"modifiedAt":1794247482867,"name":"CNA: GitHub_M","retrievedAt":1794251316121,"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-116786"},{"modifiedAt":1793918293080,"name":"NVD","retrievedAt":1793946375834,"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-116786"},{"modifiedAt":null,"name":"FIRST EPSS","retrievedAt":1794251327492,"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-116786"}],"ssvc":{"assessedAt":1794247455246,"automatable":"no","exploitation":"none","source":"ADP: CISA-ADP","technicalImpact":"total"},"status":"published","title":"FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia","updatedAt":1794251327492}