CVE-2026-62333
OpenVM: MemoryMerkleAir allows below-leaf rows to alter memory roots
OpenVM is a performant and modular zkVM framework built for customization and extensibility. Before 1.7.0 in the 1.x line and in affected 2.0 and 2.1 prereleases, `MemoryMerkleAir` does not forbid Merkle expansion rows at `parent_height` = 0 or below while `expand_direction` != 0. A malicious prover can fabricate a subtree below a memory leaf and swap digests inside that subtree to change the committed memory root without a corresponding memory operation. The fraudulent rows still balance against the Merkle and compression buses and require no memory-bus operation for the changed leaf. Because the memory Merkle root binds VM memory state across continuation segment boundaries, this affects the soundness of OpenVM proofs using persistent memory. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.0, 2.0.0-rc.3 and 2.1.0-preview.
Fixes and workarounds
No remediation reported in collected sources.
Missing remediation information is not evidence that no patch exists.
Affected products and versions
| Product | Versions | Authority |
|---|---|---|
| openvm openvm-org |
< 1.7.0 (affected) >= 2.0.0-alpha, < 2.0.0-rc.3 (affected) >= 2.1.0-dev.0, < 2.1.0-preview (affected) |
CNA: GitHub_M |
openvmopenvm
rust |
< 1.7.0 (affected, GitHub advisory range) | GitHub GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 |
openvm-sdkopenvm-sdk
rust |
< 1.7.0 (affected, GitHub advisory range) | GitHub GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 |
openvm-circuitopenvm-circuit
rust |
< 1.7.0 (affected, GitHub advisory range) | GitHub GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 |
Version ranges are source assertions. Check the vendor advisory and your installed configuration before determining exposure.
CVSS assessments
| Version / score | Vector | Authority |
|---|---|---|
| 4.0 / 8.7 high |
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N | CNA: GitHub_M |
| 4.0 / 8.7 high |
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X | NVD: [email protected] |
Exploit evidence
No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.
References
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82CNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/pull/148CNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/commit/bb123f6073691bd2b794171c594264c77e45c376CNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-alpha/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rsCNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-beta.2/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rsCNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.1.0-dev.0/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rsCNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v1.7.0CNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.0.0-rc.3CNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.1.0-previewCNA: GitHub_M · x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-alpha/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-beta.2/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.1.0-dev.0/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/commit/bb123f6073691bd2b794171c594264c77e45c376[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/pull/148[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v1.7.0[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.0.0-rc.3[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.1.0-preview[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82[email protected]
- https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82GitHub Security Advisories · advisory
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