# CVE-2026-62333: OpenVM: MemoryMerkleAir allows below-leaf rows to alter memory roots Status: published. Published: 2026-10-30. Updated: 2026-11-05. OpenVM is a performant and modular zkVM framework built for customization and extensibility. Before 1.7.0 in the 1.x line and in affected 2.0 and 2.1 prereleases, `MemoryMerkleAir` does not forbid Merkle expansion rows at `parent_height` = 0 or below while `expand_direction` != 0. A malicious prover can fabricate a subtree below a memory leaf and swap digests inside that subtree to change the committed memory root without a corresponding memory operation. The fraudulent rows still balance against the Merkle and compression buses and require no memory-bus operation for the changed leaf. Because the memory Merkle root binds VM memory state across continuation segment boundaries, this affects the soundness of OpenVM proofs using persistent memory. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.0, 2.0.0-rc.3 and 2.1.0-preview. ## Remediation No remediation reported in collected sources ## Affected products and versions - openvm-org / openvm: < 1.7.0 (affected); >= 2.0.0-alpha, < 2.0.0-rc.3 (affected); >= 2.1.0-dev.0, < 2.1.0-preview (affected). Source: CNA: GitHub_M - / openvm (openvm): < 1.7.0 (affected, GitHub advisory range). Source: GitHub GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 - / openvm-sdk (openvm-sdk): < 1.7.0 (affected, GitHub advisory range). Source: GitHub GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 - / openvm-circuit (openvm-circuit): < 1.7.0 (affected, GitHub advisory range). Source: GitHub GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 ## Severity and prioritization - CVSS 4.0: 8.7 (high); CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N; source: CNA: GitHub_M - CVSS 4.0: 8.7 (high); CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X; source: NVD: security-advisories@github.com - CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources - EPSS: 0.40% as of 2026-11-04; percentile 33.97% - SSVC: exploitation none; automatable yes; technical impact partial; source ADP: CISA-ADP - Weaknesses: CWE-20 ## Exploit evidence No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation. ## References - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_CONFIRM) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/pull/148 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/commit/bb123f6073691bd2b794171c594264c77e45c376 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-alpha/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-beta.2/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.1.0-dev.0/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v1.7.0 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.0.0-rc.3 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.1.0-preview (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-alpha/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.0.0-beta.2/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/v2.1.0-dev.0/crates/vm/src/system/memory/merkle/air.rs (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/commit/bb123f6073691bd2b794171c594264c77e45c376 (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/pull/148 (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v1.7.0 (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.0.0-rc.3 (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v2.1.0-preview (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 (security-advisories@github.com) - https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82 (GitHub Security Advisories; advisory) ## Provenance - CNA: GitHub_M: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-62333; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-05 - NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62333; retrieved 2026-11-03; source updated 2026-11-02 - GitHub Security Advisories: https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-396x-v8w4-9x82; retrieved 2026-11-03; source updated 2026-07-13 - FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-62333; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated Not reported Revision: 4f4105f98c0bb8eab224a6bafc80cbe2d3b17884ee21192cbb6e75c568f257f8 Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2026-62333 ## Agent and API access Public CVE pages, Markdown, and JSON are free to read without an account or API key. - Public catalog: https://y2.dev/cve/index.json. 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