{"affected":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","ecosystem":"hex","packageName":"jose","product":"jose","source":"CNA: EEF","vendor":"potatosalad","versions":[{"lessThan":"1.11.13","status":"affected","version":"1.0.0","versionType":"semver"}]},{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","ecosystem":"github","packageName":"potatosalad/erlang-jose","product":"jose","source":"CNA: EEF","vendor":"potatosalad","versions":[{"lessThan":"857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad","status":"affected","version":"a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429","versionType":"git"}]}],"cveId":"CVE-2026-65627","cwes":["CWE-409"],"description":"Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in potatosalad jose (erlang-jose) allows a remote attacker to exhaust a node's memory with a small crafted JWE token.\n\nThe jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2 function in src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl decompresses the DEFLATE-compressed plaintext of a JWE that carries the optional zip: DEF header by calling zlib:inflate/2 on the entire attacker-controlled stream, with no bound on the output size or the inflation ratio. Raw DEFLATE reaches ratios around 1000:1 on highly repetitive input, so a few-kilobyte token inflates to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes in a single call.\n\nDecompression runs automatically during decryption through jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2 (JOSE.JWE.block_decrypt/2 in Elixir), before the recipient can inspect or reject the payload. With the common asymmetric key-management algorithms (RSA-OAEP, ECDH-ES) an attacker needs only the recipient's public key to craft such a token, so no authentication or secret material is required. A single small token can exhaust the node's memory and crash the BEAM, denying service to all users.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.0.0 before 1.11.13.","epss":{"date":"2026-11-02","percentile":0.16206,"score":0.00249},"exploits":[{"kind":"exploit","source":"ADP: CISA-ADP","url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpv-qxp8-x5gm"}],"kev":null,"metrics":[{"score":6.9,"severity":"medium","source":"CNA: EEF","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0"},{"score":6.9,"severity":"medium","source":"NVD: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","version":"4.0"}],"modifiedAt":1793657842133,"publishedAt":1793044396336,"references":[{"source":"CNA: EEF","tags":["vendor-advisory","related"],"url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpv-qxp8-x5gm"},{"source":"CNA: EEF","tags":["related"],"url":"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65627.html"},{"source":"CNA: EEF","tags":["related"],"url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65627"},{"source":"CNA: EEF","tags":["related"],"url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429"},{"source":"CNA: EEF","tags":["patch"],"url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad"},{"source":"ADP: CISA-ADP","tags":["exploit"],"url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpv-qxp8-x5gm"},{"source":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","tags":[],"url":"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65627.html"},{"source":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","tags":[],"url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad"},{"source":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","tags":[],"url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429"},{"source":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","tags":[],"url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpv-qxp8-x5gm"},{"source":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","tags":[],"url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65627"},{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","tags":[],"url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpv-qxp8-x5gm"}],"remediation":[{"kind":"workaround","source":"CNA: EEF","text":"Reject JWE tokens that carry a zip header before passing them to jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2. DEFLATE compression is rarely used in legitimate JWE traffic, so untrusted tokens whose protected header contains zip: DEF can be inspected and filtered out before decryption."},{"kind":"fix","source":"CNA: EEF","text":"The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches.","url":"https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad"}],"revision":"f80c133d34ff92dae13619529998d4751ad75427c5cd36b5d14de1880c7ea7cc","sources":[{"modifiedAt":1793654756908,"name":"CNA: EEF","retrievedAt":1793657333491,"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-65627"},{"modifiedAt":1793657842133,"name":"NVD","retrievedAt":1793665393787,"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65627"},{"modifiedAt":null,"name":"FIRST EPSS","retrievedAt":1793657341433,"url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-65627"}],"ssvc":{"assessedAt":1793654706662,"automatable":"no","exploitation":"poc","source":"ADP: CISA-ADP","technicalImpact":"partial"},"status":"published","title":"Decompression bomb via unbounded zlib:inflate in jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2","updatedAt":1793665393787}