# CVE-2026-126298: NLTK before 3.10.4 Quadratic CPU Denial of Service via Tree.chomsky_normal_form

Status: published. Published: 2026-11-13. Updated: 2026-11-13.

NLTK before 3.10.4 contains a denial of service vulnerability in Tree.chomsky_normal_form that allows remote attackers to exhaust CPU through quadratic-time right-factor binarization using list.pop(0). Attackers can supply a wide flat treebank tree parsed by Tree.fromstring to force tens of seconds of single-threaded CPU consumption, blocking the processing thread.

## Remediation

No remediation reported in collected sources

## Affected products and versions

- nltk / nltk (nltk): ≥ 0; < 3.10.4 (affected, semver); 3.10.4 (unaffected, semver). Source: CNA: VulnCheck

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 4.0: 8.7 (high); CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N; source: CNA: VulnCheck

- CVSS 3.1: 7.5 (high); CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H; source: CNA: VulnCheck

- CVSS 4.0: 8.7 (high); CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X; source: NVD: disclosure@vulncheck.com

- CVSS 3.1: 7.5 (high); CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H; source: NVD: disclosure@vulncheck.com

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: Not available

- SSVC: Not available

- Weaknesses: CWE-400

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/GHSA-r53h-rw34-8h97 (CNA: VulnCheck; vendor-advisory)

- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-3.10.4-quadratic-cpu-denial-of-service-via-tree-chomsky-normal-form (CNA: VulnCheck; third-party-advisory)

- https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/GHSA-r53h-rw34-8h97 (disclosure@vulncheck.com)

- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-3.10.4-quadratic-cpu-denial-of-service-via-tree-chomsky-normal-form (disclosure@vulncheck.com)

## Provenance

- CNA: VulnCheck: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-126298; retrieved 2026-11-13; source updated 2026-11-13

- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-126298; retrieved 2026-11-13; source updated 2026-11-13

Revision: 0c3913f674d4fc63f77b7561eefdb8e289c3470407e36748d030fba1c80da83d

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2026-126298

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Collected public records only. Check source status for coverage and freshness.