# CVE-2026-114604: GraphQL Tools: Prototype pollution in mergeIncrementalResult via non-primitive path segments

Status: published. Published: 2026-11-05. Updated: 2026-11-09.

GraphQL Tools provides utilities for building, stitching, and mocking GraphQL schemas. From 10.10.1 until 12.0.2, the @graphql-tools/utils mergeIncrementalResult helper passes incrementalResult.path segments to setObjectKeyPath without runtime primitive-type validation. A non-primitive segment can bypass strict comparisons against __proto__, constructor, and prototype, then be coerced during property access so a malicious or compromised upstream incremental GraphQL response writes attacker-controlled properties to Object.prototype in the consuming Node.js process. The affected implementation is packages/utils/src/mergeIncrementalResult.ts and is reachable when consumers merge untrusted @defer or @stream transport results. This issue is fixed in version 12.0.2.

## Remediation

- fix: @graphql-tools/utils (npm): GitHub reports patched versions >=12.0.2. Check the advisory for the affected release branch. (source: GitHub GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3) — https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3
- fix: @graphql-tools/utils (npm): OSV reports a fixed version 12.0.2. Check the advisory for supported release branches. (source: OSV GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3) — https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3

## Affected products and versions

- ardatan / graphql-tools: >= 10.10.1, < 12.0.2 (affected). Source: CNA: GitHub_M
-  / @graphql-tools/utils (@graphql-tools/utils): >=10.10.1 <=12.0.1 (affected, GitHub advisory range). Source: GitHub GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3
-  / @graphql-tools/utils (@graphql-tools/utils): ≥ 10.10.1; < 12.0.2 (affected, semver); OSV events: introduced 10.10.1; fixed 12.0.2. Source: OSV GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 4.0: 8.4 (high); CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N; source: CNA: GitHub_M

- CVSS 4.0: 8.4 (high); CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X; source: NVD: security-advisories@github.com

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 0.52% as of 2026-11-09; percentile 44.55%

- SSVC: exploitation poc; automatable no; technical impact total; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-1321

## Exploit evidence

- exploit: https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3 (ADP: CISA-ADP)

## References

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_CONFIRM)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8467 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/19f5b3373fd7ace0688d19950fc529ce8347952a (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/20d36a5c6eb8fd5524420988e01a48618c450d70 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases/tag/@graphql-tools/utils@12.0.2 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3 (ADP: CISA-ADP; exploit)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/19f5b3373fd7ace0688d19950fc529ce8347952a (security-advisories@github.com)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/commit/20d36a5c6eb8fd5524420988e01a48618c450d70 (security-advisories@github.com)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/pull/8467 (security-advisories@github.com)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/releases/tag/@graphql-tools/utils@12.0.2 (security-advisories@github.com)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3 (security-advisories@github.com)

- https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3 (GitHub Security Advisories; advisory)

- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3 (OSV / GitHub Security Advisories; advisory)

- https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3 (OSV / GitHub Security Advisories; osv)

## Provenance

- CNA: GitHub_M: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-114604; retrieved 2026-11-09; source updated 2026-11-09

- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-114604; retrieved 2026-11-06; source updated 2026-11-05

- GitHub Security Advisories: https://github.com/ardatan/graphql-tools/security/advisories/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3; retrieved 2026-11-07; source updated 2026-10-22

- OSV / GitHub Security Advisories: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-c4qx-w738-7hr3; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-10-22

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-114604; retrieved 2026-11-09; source updated Not reported

Revision: 65989539a6d279ac6c0260181774a547398f65c81cc8af92bb7a1e69f675fc40

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