# CVE-2025-61664: Grub2: missing unregister call for normal_exit command may lead to use-after-free

Status: published. Published: 2025-11-18. Updated: 2026-11-05.

A vulnerability in the GRUB2 bootloader has been identified in the normal module. This flaw, a memory Use After Free issue, occurs because the normal_exit command is not properly unregistered when its related module is unloaded. An attacker can exploit this condition by invoking the command after the module has been removed, causing the system to improperly access a previously freed memory location. This leads to a system crash or possible impacts in data confidentiality and integrity.

## Remediation

- workaround: There is no known mitigation available for this vulnerability. (source: CNA: redhat)

## Affected products and versions

- GNU / grub2 (grub2): ≥ 0; ≤ 2.14 (affected, semver). Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 (openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 (openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 3.1: 4.9 (medium); CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L; source: CNA: redhat

- CVSS 3.1: 4.9 (medium); CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L; source: NVD: secalert@redhat.com

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 0.15% as of 2026-11-05; percentile 4.21%

- SSVC: exploitation none; automatable no; technical impact partial; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-825

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61664 (CNA: redhat; vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414685 (CNA: redhat; issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-11/msg00155.html (CNA: redhat)

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61664 (secalert@redhat.com)

- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414685 (secalert@redhat.com)

- https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-11/msg00155.html (secalert@redhat.com)

## Provenance

- CNA: redhat: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61664; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-05

- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61664; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-05

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-61664; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated Not reported

Revision: 226595fd15244fbc12cc89f415764bc7f0a36e5f72eac9e61a633dfb8569b6b5

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2025-61664

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