# CVE-2025-61663: Grub2: missing unregister call for normal commands may lead to use-after-free

Status: published. Published: 2025-11-18. Updated: 2026-11-05.

A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB2 bootloader's normal command that poses an immediate Denial of Service (DoS) risk. This flaw is a Use-after-Free issue, caused because the normal command is not properly unregistered when the module is unloaded. An attacker who can execute this command can force the system to access memory locations that are no longer valid. Successful exploitation leads directly to system instability, which can result in a complete crash and halt system availability. Impact on the data integrity and confidentiality is also not discarded.

## Remediation

- workaround: There's no available mitigation for this vulnerability. (source: CNA: redhat)

## Affected products and versions

- GNU / grub2 (grub2): ≥ 0; ≤ 2.14 (affected, semver). Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 (openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 (openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 3.1: 4.9 (medium); CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L; source: CNA: redhat

- CVSS 3.1: 4.9 (medium); CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L; source: NVD: secalert@redhat.com

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 0.14% as of 2026-11-05; percentile 3.28%

- SSVC: exploitation none; automatable no; technical impact partial; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-825

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61663 (CNA: redhat; vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414684 (CNA: redhat; issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61663 (secalert@redhat.com)

- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414684 (secalert@redhat.com)

## Provenance

- CNA: redhat: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61663; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-05

- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61663; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-05

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-61663; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated Not reported

Revision: 87006c620987610c28c760abb1c2fb7c06bb22e428072a4c62f9f799fccaea43

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2025-61663

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