# CVE-2025-56752: CVE-2025-56752

Status: published. Published: 2025-09-03. Updated: 2026-11-07.

A vulnerability in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39 enables remote attackers to fully bypass authentication mechanisms, providing them with unrestricted access to alter administrative settings and potentially seize control of affected devices via crafted HTTP POST request to /user.cgi.

## Remediation

No remediation reported in collected sources

## Affected products and versions

- ruijie / rg-es228gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es228gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es228gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es209gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es209gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es209gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es205gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es205gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es205gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es205gc_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es205gc_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es205gc_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es208gc_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es208gc_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es208gc_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es206gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es206gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es206gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es210gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es210gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es210gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es218gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es218gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es226gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es226gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es206gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es206gc-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es216gc_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es224gc_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es210gc-lp_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es206mg-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p42_release\(12142711\) (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es209mg-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p42_release\(12142711\) (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-nis2100-8gt2sfp-hp_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-nis2100-4gt2sfp-hp_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es216gc-v2_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es216gc-v2_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es216gc-v2_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es224gc-v2_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es224gc-v2_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es224gc-v2_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es220gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es220gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria
- ruijie / rg-es220gs-p_firmware: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 (affected, custom). Source: NVD; conditional on NVD configuration criteria

## NVD configuration conditions

Affected CPE matches depend on the following AND/OR and negation conditions:

```json
[
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es228gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es228gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es228gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:ruijie:rg-es228gs-p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es209gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es209gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es209gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
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            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:ruijie:rg-es205gc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es208gc_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es208gc_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es208gc_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:ruijie:rg-es208gc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es206gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es206gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es206gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
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        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
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        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
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            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es210gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es210gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:ruijie:rg-es210gs-p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es218gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es218gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:ruijie:rg-es218gc-p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es226gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es226gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:ruijie:rg-es226gc-p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es206gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es206gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:ruijie:rg-es206gc-p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es216gc_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:ruijie:rg-es216gc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
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    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
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        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
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    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
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        "negate": false,
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      {
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        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
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    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
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        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
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    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      },
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
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            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es216gc-v2_firmware:esw_1.0\\(1\\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
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      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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            "vulnerable": false
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
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            "vulnerable": true
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            "vulnerable": true
          },
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        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
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  },
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          },
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          },
          {
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      }
    ],
    "operator": "AND"
  }
]
```

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 3.1: 9.4 (critical); CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H; source: NVD: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: Not available

- SSVC: exploitation none; automatable yes; technical impact partial; source NVD SSVC: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

- Weaknesses: CWE-287

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://github.com/TNCX-byte/Vulnerability_Research/blob/main/CVE-2025-56752/README.md (cve@mitre.org; Third Party Advisory)

## Provenance

- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-56752; retrieved 2026-11-07; source updated 2026-11-07

Revision: 3c8ab7c55ce357f60b28e7cf072bba7a569ff08712b93958859ead398249418a

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2025-56752

## Agent and API access

Public CVE pages, Markdown, and JSON are free to read without an account or API key.

- Public catalog: https://y2.dev/cve/index.json. Follow nextCursor with the same search, filters, sort, and limit (1–100). A null cursor marks the end.

- WebMCP: search_cve_disclosures, get_cve_disclosure, get_cve_page_markdown, get_y2_cve_access. Available in compatible browsers.

- Cyber API: https://api.y2.dev/api/v2/cyber/cves and https://api.y2.dev/api/v2/cyber/cves/{cveId}.

- Y2 Pro or Elite: create a workspace API key with the intel:cyber scope and send Authorization: Bearer <Y2_API_KEY>. Setup: https://y2.dev/docs/api/create-key.

- x402: Pay per request without an account or API key. Omit Authorization, read the HTTP 402 PAYMENT-REQUIRED challenge, validate its current requirements, and retry with PAYMENT-SIGNATURE through an authorized payment client. These browser tools never make payments. Guide: https://y2.dev/docs/api/x402.

- OpenAPI: https://y2.dev/api/openapi.yaml. Agent access metadata: https://y2.dev/cve/agent.json.

Collected public records only. Check source status for coverage and freshness.