# CVE-2025-48040: Malicious Key Exchange Messages may Lead to Excessive Resource Consumption

Status: published. Published: 2025-09-11. Updated: 2026-11-11.

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftp modules) allows Excessive Allocation, Flooding.

This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl.

This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 26.2.5.15, OTP 27.3.4.3, and OTP 28.0.3, corresponding to ssh from 3.0.1 before 5.1.4.12, 5.2.11.3, and 5.3.3.

## Remediation

- workaround: * set option parallel_login to false
* reduce max_sessions option (source: CNA: EEF)
- fix: The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches. (source: CNA: EEF) — https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/10162
- fix: The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches. (source: CNA: EEF) — https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a
- fix: The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches. (source: CNA: EEF) — https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a

## Affected products and versions

- Erlang / OTP (otp): ≥ 17.0; < * (affected, otp); unaffected at 26.2.5.15; unaffected at 27.3.4.3; unaffected at 28.0.3. Source: CNA: EEF
- Erlang / OTP (ssh): ≥ 3.0.1; < * (affected, otp); unaffected at 5.1.4.12; unaffected at 5.2.11.3; unaffected at 5.3.3. Source: CNA: EEF
- Erlang / OTP (erlang/otp): ≥ 07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79; < * (affected, git); unaffected at 548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a; unaffected at 7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a. Source: CNA: EEF

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 4.0: 6.9 (medium); CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N; source: CNA: EEF

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 0.45% as of 2026-11-10; percentile 39.31%

- SSVC: exploitation none; automatable yes; technical impact partial; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-400, CWE-770

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-h7rg-6rjg-4cph (CNA: EEF; vendor-advisory, related)

- https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48040.html (CNA: EEF; related)

- https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48040 (CNA: EEF; related)

- https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions (CNA: EEF; x_version-scheme)

- https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/10162 (CNA: EEF; patch)

- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79 (CNA: EEF; related)

- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a (CNA: EEF; patch)

- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a (CNA: EEF; patch)

## Provenance

- CNA: EEF: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48040; retrieved 2026-11-11; source updated 2026-11-11

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-48040; retrieved 2026-11-11; source updated Not reported

Revision: 99deed4ca73b1c161ccdb71c361a58a18f4a5a1dfa8588269209e500dfd0d30a

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2025-48040

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