# CVE-2025-38280: bpf: Avoid __bpf_prog_ret0_warn when jit fails

Status: published. Published: 2025-07-10. Updated: 2026-11-05.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Avoid __bpf_prog_ret0_warn when jit fails

syzkaller reported an issue:

WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 217 at kernel/bpf/core.c:2357 __bpf_prog_ret0_warn+0xa/0x20 kernel/bpf/core.c:2357
Modules linked in:
CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 217 Comm: kworker/u32:6 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc4-syzkaller-00040-g8bac8898fe39
RIP: 0010:__bpf_prog_ret0_warn+0xa/0x20 kernel/bpf/core.c:2357
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 bpf_dispatcher_nop_func include/linux/bpf.h:1316 [inline]
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:725 [inline]
 cls_bpf_classify+0x74a/0x1110 net/sched/cls_bpf.c:105
 ...

When creating bpf program, 'fp->jit_requested' depends on bpf_jit_enable.
This issue is triggered because of CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON is not set
and bpf_jit_enable is set to 1, causing the arch to attempt JIT the prog,
but jit failed due to FAULT_INJECTION. As a result, incorrectly
treats the program as valid, when the program runs it calls
`__bpf_prog_ret0_warn` and triggers the WARN_ON_ONCE(1).

## Remediation

No remediation reported in collected sources

## Affected products and versions

- Linux / Linux: ≥ fa9dd599b4dae841924b022768354cfde9affecb; < e7fb4ebee6e900899d2b2e5852c3e2eafcbcad66 (affected, git); ≥ fa9dd599b4dae841924b022768354cfde9affecb; < ef92b96530d1731d9ac167bc7c193c683cd78fff (affected, git); ≥ fa9dd599b4dae841924b022768354cfde9affecb; < 6f639c25bfad17d9fd7379ab91ff9678ea9aac85 (affected, git); ≥ fa9dd599b4dae841924b022768354cfde9affecb; < 2bc6dffb4b72d53d6a6ada510269bf548c3f7ae0 (affected, git); ≥ fa9dd599b4dae841924b022768354cfde9affecb; < 0b9bb52796b239de6792d0d68cdc6eb505ebff96 (affected, git); ≥ fa9dd599b4dae841924b022768354cfde9affecb; < 86bc9c742426a16b52a10ef61f5b721aecca2344 (affected, git); 5124abda3060e2eab506fb14a27acadee3c3e396 (affected, git); 234646dcfc5f531c74ab20595e89eacd62e3611f (affected, git); ≥ 4.9.190; < 4.10 (affected, semver); ≥ 4.14.140; < 4.15 (affected, semver). Source: CNA: Linux
- Linux / Linux: 4.16 (affected); ≥ 0; < 4.16 (unaffected, semver); ≥ 5.15.186; ≤ 5.15.* (unaffected, semver); ≥ 6.1.142; ≤ 6.1.* (unaffected, semver); ≥ 6.6.94; ≤ 6.6.* (unaffected, semver); ≥ 6.12.34; ≤ 6.12.* (unaffected, semver); ≥ 6.15.3; ≤ 6.15.* (unaffected, semver); ≥ 6.16; ≤ * (unaffected, original_commit_for_fix). Source: CNA: Linux
- Siemens / SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP: ≥ V3.1.5; < * (affected, custom). Source: ADP: siemens-SADP
- Siemens / SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP: ≥ V3.1.5; < * (affected, custom). Source: ADP: siemens-SADP
- Siemens / SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP: ≥ V3.1.5; < * (affected, custom). Source: ADP: siemens-SADP

## Severity and prioritization

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 0.21% as of 2026-11-05; percentile 11.66%

- SSVC: exploitation none; automatable no; technical impact partial; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: Not reported

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7fb4ebee6e900899d2b2e5852c3e2eafcbcad66 (CNA: Linux)

- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef92b96530d1731d9ac167bc7c193c683cd78fff (CNA: Linux)

- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f639c25bfad17d9fd7379ab91ff9678ea9aac85 (CNA: Linux)

- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bc6dffb4b72d53d6a6ada510269bf548c3f7ae0 (CNA: Linux)

- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0b9bb52796b239de6792d0d68cdc6eb505ebff96 (CNA: Linux)

- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86bc9c742426a16b52a10ef61f5b721aecca2344 (CNA: Linux)

- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html (ADP: CVE)

- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html (ADP: siemens-SADP)

## Provenance

- CNA: Linux: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38280; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-05

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-38280; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated Not reported

Revision: 6e2a0a34977f078f08fa0d28387e364e7b6c8caab04d17bd37fcf63949e7ab8b

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2025-38280

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