# CVE-2025-14946: Libnbd: libnbd: arbitrary code execution via ssh argument injection through a malicious uri

Status: published. Published: 2025-12-19. Updated: 2026-11-05.

A flaw was found in libnbd. A malicious actor could exploit this by convincing libnbd to open a specially crafted Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). This vulnerability arises because non-standard hostnames starting with '-o' are incorrectly interpreted as arguments to the Secure Shell (SSH) process, rather than as hostnames. This could lead to arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the user running libnbd.

## Remediation

- workaround: To mitigate this issue, ensure that applications utilizing libnbd do not process Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) from untrusted or unverified sources. This vulnerability requires a malicious actor to convince libnbd to open a specially crafted URI, therefore restricting the sources of URIs processed by libnbd can reduce exposure. (source: CNA: redhat)

## Affected products and versions

- Red Hat / libnbd (libnbd): ≥ 1.22.0; < 1.22.5 (affected, semver); ≥ 1.23.0; < 1.23.9 (affected, semver). Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (libnbd): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (virt:rhel/libnbd): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (libnbd): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-apiserver): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-apiserver-rhel9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-cloner): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-cloner-rhel9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-controller): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-controller-rhel9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-importer): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-importer-rhel9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-operator): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-operator-rhel9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-uploadproxy): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-uploadproxy-rhel9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-uploadserver): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 (container-native-virtualization/virt-cdi-uploadserver-rhel9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 3.1: 4.8 (medium); CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L; source: CNA: redhat

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 0.14% as of 2026-11-05; percentile 3.73%

- SSVC: exploitation none; automatable no; technical impact partial; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-88

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-14946 (CNA: redhat; vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2423789 (CNA: redhat; issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://libguestfs.org/libnbd-release-notes-1.24.1.html#Security (CNA: redhat)

## Provenance

- CNA: redhat: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14946; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-05

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-14946; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated Not reported

Revision: c372683e479d9b8715ff36405b281ec2abde32d485def41fa057e73c7d3c7b8a

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2025-14946

## Agent and API access

Public CVE pages, Markdown, and JSON are free to read without an account or API key.

- Public catalog: https://y2.dev/cve/index.json. Follow nextCursor with the same search, filters, sort, and limit (1–100). A null cursor marks the end.

- WebMCP: search_cve_disclosures, get_cve_disclosure, get_cve_page_markdown, get_y2_cve_access. Available in compatible browsers.

- Cyber API: https://api.y2.dev/api/v2/cyber/cves and https://api.y2.dev/api/v2/cyber/cves/{cveId}.

- Y2 Pro or Elite: create a workspace API key with the intel:cyber scope and send Authorization: Bearer <Y2_API_KEY>. Setup: https://y2.dev/docs/api/create-key.

- x402: Pay per request without an account or API key. Omit Authorization, read the HTTP 402 PAYMENT-REQUIRED challenge, validate its current requirements, and retry with PAYMENT-SIGNATURE through an authorized payment client. These browser tools never make payments. Guide: https://y2.dev/docs/api/x402.

- OpenAPI: https://y2.dev/api/openapi.yaml. Agent access metadata: https://y2.dev/cve/agent.json.

Collected public records only. Check source status for coverage and freshness.