# CVE-2025-10230: Samba: command injection in wins server hook script

Status: published. Published: 2025-11-07. Updated: 2026-11-04.

A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active Directory Domain Controller’s wins hook, allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve remote command execution as the Samba process.

## Remediation

- workaround: No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security’s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability. (source: CNA: redhat)

## Affected products and versions

-  /  (samba): ≥ 0; < 4.21.9 (affected, semver); ≥ 4.22.0; < 4.21.5 (affected, semver); ≥ 4.23.0; < 4.23.2 (affected, semver). Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (samba): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (samba): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (samba4): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (samba): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (samba): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (samba): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 (openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 (openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 3.1: 10 (critical); CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H; source: CNA: redhat

- CVSS 3.1: 10 (critical); CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H; source: NVD: secalert@redhat.com

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 39.77% as of 2026-11-04; percentile 98.63%

- SSVC: exploitation poc; automatable yes; technical impact total; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-78

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230 (CNA: redhat; vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2394377 (CNA: redhat; issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://www.samba.org/samba/history/security.html (CNA: redhat)

- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-detect-samba-vulnerability (ADP: CVE)

- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-mitigate-samba-vulnerability (ADP: CVE)

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230 (secalert@redhat.com)

- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2394377 (secalert@redhat.com)

- https://www.samba.org/samba/history/security.html (secalert@redhat.com)

- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-detect-samba-vulnerability (af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108)

- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-mitigate-samba-vulnerability (af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108)

## Provenance

- CNA: redhat: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10230; retrieved 2026-11-04; source updated 2026-11-04

- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10230; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-04

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-10230; retrieved 2026-11-04; source updated Not reported

Revision: 5b4d968335e667daaa0e207acf8585bcd2260b83cddee8abc312263d36bf8d35

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2025-10230

## Agent and API access

Public CVE pages, Markdown, and JSON are free to read without an account or API key.

- Public catalog: https://y2.dev/cve/index.json. Follow nextCursor with the same search, filters, sort, and limit (1–100). A null cursor marks the end.

- WebMCP: search_cve_disclosures, get_cve_disclosure, get_cve_page_markdown, get_y2_cve_access. Available in compatible browsers.

- Cyber API: https://api.y2.dev/api/v2/cyber/cves and https://api.y2.dev/api/v2/cyber/cves/{cveId}.

- Y2 Pro or Elite: create a workspace API key with the intel:cyber scope and send Authorization: Bearer <Y2_API_KEY>. Setup: https://y2.dev/docs/api/create-key.

- x402: Pay per request without an account or API key. Omit Authorization, read the HTTP 402 PAYMENT-REQUIRED challenge, validate its current requirements, and retry with PAYMENT-SIGNATURE through an authorized payment client. These browser tools never make payments. Guide: https://y2.dev/docs/api/x402.

- OpenAPI: https://y2.dev/api/openapi.yaml. Agent access metadata: https://y2.dev/cve/agent.json.

Collected public records only. Check source status for coverage and freshness.