# CVE-2025-0622: Grub2: command/gpg: use-after-free due to hooks not being removed on module unload

Status: published. Published: 2025-02-18. Updated: 2026-11-05.

A flaw was found in command/gpg. In some scenarios, hooks created by loaded modules are not removed when the related module is unloaded. This flaw allows an attacker to force grub2 to call the hooks once the module that registered it was unloaded, leading to a use-after-free vulnerability. If correctly exploited, this vulnerability may result in arbitrary code execution, eventually allowing the attacker to bypass secure boot protections.

## Remediation

- workaround: Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability. (source: CNA: redhat)

## Affected products and versions

-  /  (grub2): ≥ 0; ≤ 2.12 (affected, semver). Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (grub2): ≥ 1:2.12-15.el10_0; < * (unaffected, rpm). Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 (grub2): ≥ 1:2.06-104.el9_6; < * (unaffected, rpm). Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (grub2): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat
- Red Hat / Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 (openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9): Version range not reported. Source: CNA: redhat

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 3.1: 6.4 (medium); CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H; source: CNA: redhat

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 0.28% as of 2026-11-05; percentile 20.91%

- SSVC: exploitation none; automatable no; technical impact total; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-416

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16154 (CNA: redhat; vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:6990 (CNA: redhat; vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0622 (CNA: redhat; vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2345865 (CNA: redhat; issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT)

- https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-02/msg00024.html (CNA: redhat)

## Provenance

- CNA: redhat: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0622; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated 2026-11-05

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-0622; retrieved 2026-11-05; source updated Not reported

Revision: d881591c669f8cb3b5a575a869b3350c38d3ef5b9159e6fe394eaf55b157e732

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2025-0622

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