# CVE-2024-45409: The Ruby SAML library vulnerable to a SAML authentication bypass via Incorrect XPath selector

Status: published. Published: 2024-09-10. Updated: 2026-11-03.

The Ruby SAML library is for implementing the client side of a SAML authorization. Ruby-SAML in <= 12.2 and 1.13.0 <= 1.16.0 does not properly verify the signature of the SAML Response. An unauthenticated attacker with access to any signed saml document (by the IdP) can thus forge a SAML Response/Assertion with arbitrary contents. This would allow the attacker to log in as arbitrary user within the vulnerable system. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.17.0 and 1.12.3.

## Remediation

- fix: The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches. (source: security-advisories@github.com) — https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/1ec5392bc506fe43a02dbb66b68741051c5ffeae
- fix: The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches. (source: security-advisories@github.com) — https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/4865d030cae9705ee5cdb12415c654c634093ae7
- fix: ruby-saml (RubyGems): OSV reports a fixed version 1.12.3. Check the advisory for supported release branches. (source: OSV GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2) — https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2
- fix: ruby-saml (RubyGems): OSV reports a fixed version 1.17.0. Check the advisory for supported release branches. (source: OSV GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2) — https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2

## Affected products and versions

- SAML-Toolkits / ruby-saml: < 1.12.3 (affected); >= 1.13.0, < 1.17.0 (affected). Source: CNA: GitHub_M
- onelogin / ruby-saml: ≥ 0; < 1.12.3 (affected, custom); ≥ 1.13.0; < 1.17.0 (affected, custom). Source: ADP: CISA-ADP
- omniauth / omniauth-saml: ≥ 0; ≤ 2.1.0 (affected, custom). Source: ADP: CISA-ADP
-  / ruby-saml (ruby-saml): 0.0.5 (affected, RubyGems); 0.0.6 (affected, RubyGems); 0.0.7 (affected, RubyGems); 0.0.8 (affected, RubyGems); 0.2.1 (affected, RubyGems); 0.2.2 (affected, RubyGems); 0.2.3 (affected, RubyGems); 0.3.0 (affected, RubyGems); 0.3.1 (affected, RubyGems); 0.3.2 (affected, RubyGems); 0.3.3 (affected, RubyGems); 0.3.4 (affected, RubyGems); 0.4.0 (affected, RubyGems); 0.4.1 (affected, RubyGems); 0.4.2 (affected, RubyGems); 0.4.3 (affected, RubyGems); 0.4.4 (affected, RubyGems); 0.4.5 (affected, RubyGems); 0.4.6 (affected, RubyGems); 0.4.7 (affected, RubyGems); 0.5.0 (affected, RubyGems); 0.5.1 (affected, RubyGems); 0.5.2 (affected, RubyGems); 0.5.3 (affected, RubyGems); 0.6.0 (affected, RubyGems); 0.7.0 (affected, RubyGems); 0.7.1 (affected, RubyGems); 0.7.2 (affected, RubyGems); 0.7.3 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.0 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.1 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.10 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.11 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.12 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.13 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.14 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.15 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.16 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.17 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.18 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.2 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.3 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.4 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.5 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.6 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.7 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.8 (affected, RubyGems); 0.8.9 (affected, RubyGems); 0.9 (affected, RubyGems); 0.9.1 (affected, RubyGems); 0.9.2 (affected, RubyGems); 0.9.3 (affected, RubyGems); 0.9.4 (affected, RubyGems); 1.0.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.1.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.1.1 (affected, RubyGems); 1.1.2 (affected, RubyGems); 1.10.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.10.1 (affected, RubyGems); 1.10.2 (affected, RubyGems); 1.11.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.12.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.12.1 (affected, RubyGems); 1.12.2 (affected, RubyGems); 1.2.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.3.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.3.1 (affected, RubyGems); 1.4.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.4.1 (affected, RubyGems); 1.4.2 (affected, RubyGems); 1.4.3 (affected, RubyGems); 1.5.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.6.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.6.1 (affected, RubyGems); 1.6.2 (affected, RubyGems); 1.7.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.7.1 (affected, RubyGems); 1.7.2 (affected, RubyGems); 1.8.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.9.0 (affected, RubyGems); Ecosystem version events: introduced 0; fixed 1.12.3. Source: OSV GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2
-  / ruby-saml (ruby-saml): 1.13.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.14.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.15.0 (affected, RubyGems); 1.16.0 (affected, RubyGems); Ecosystem version events: introduced 1.13.0; fixed 1.17.0. Source: OSV GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2

## NVD configuration conditions

Affected CPE matches depend on the following AND/OR and negation conditions:

```json
[
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "versionEndExcluding": "1.12.3",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "versionEndExcluding": "1.17.0",
            "versionStartIncluding": "1.13.0",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "OR"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*",
            "versionEndIncluding": "1.10.3",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "OR"
  },
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "versionEndExcluding": "16.11.10",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "versionEndExcluding": "17.0.8",
            "versionStartIncluding": "17.0.0",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "versionEndExcluding": "17.1.8",
            "versionStartIncluding": "17.1.0",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "versionEndExcluding": "17.2.7",
            "versionStartIncluding": "17.2.0",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "versionEndExcluding": "17.3.3",
            "versionStartIncluding": "17.3.0",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "OR"
  }
]
```

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 3.1: 10 (critical); CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N; source: CNA: GitHub_M

- CVSS 3.1: 9.8 (critical); CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H; source: NVD: nvd@nist.gov

- CVSS 3.1: 10 (critical); CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N; source: NVD: security-advisories@github.com

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 10.68% as of 2026-11-03; percentile 95.81%

- SSVC: exploitation poc; automatable yes; technical impact total; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-347

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_CONFIRM)

- https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-cvp8-5r8g-fhvq (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC)

- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/1ec5392bc506fe43a02dbb66b68741051c5ffeae (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC)

- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/4865d030cae9705ee5cdb12415c654c634093ae7 (CNA: GitHub_M; x_refsource_MISC)

- https://ssoready.com/blog/engineering/ruby-saml-pwned-by-xml-signature-wrapping-attacks/ (ADP: CVE)

- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41586031 (ADP: CVE)

- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240926-0008/ (ADP: CVE)

- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00006.html (ADP: CVE)

- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/1ec5392bc506fe43a02dbb66b68741051c5ffeae (security-advisories@github.com; Patch)

- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/4865d030cae9705ee5cdb12415c654c634093ae7 (security-advisories@github.com; Patch)

- https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2 (security-advisories@github.com; Vendor Advisory)

- https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-cvp8-5r8g-fhvq (security-advisories@github.com; Vendor Advisory)

- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00006.html (af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108)

- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41586031 (af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108)

- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240926-0008/ (af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108)

- https://ssoready.com/blog/engineering/ruby-saml-pwned-by-xml-signature-wrapping-attacks/ (af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108)

- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2 (OSV / GitHub Security Advisories; advisory)

- https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2 (OSV / GitHub Security Advisories; osv)

## Provenance

- CNA: GitHub_M: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-45409; retrieved 2026-11-03; source updated 2026-11-03

- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45409; retrieved 2026-11-04; source updated 2026-11-03

- OSV / GitHub Security Advisories (partial: 1/2 referenced advisories verified): https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-jw9c-mfg7-9rx2; retrieved 2026-11-03; source updated 2026-08-07

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2024-45409; retrieved 2026-11-03; source updated Not reported

Revision: 0a5313d1b6524a286ce6e6636f3d8bb76817382526acdd0f581e6a371ce182a6

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2024-45409

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