# CVE-2023-21528: Microsoft SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Status: published. Published: 2023-02-14. Updated: 2026-11-02.

Microsoft SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

## Remediation

- fix: The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches. (source: CNA: microsoft) — https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21528
- fix: The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches. (source: secure@microsoft.com) — https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21528
- fix: The reporting source identifies this reference as a patch. Check the advisory for affected versions and supported release branches. (source: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108) — https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21528

## Affected products and versions

- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 3 (QFE): ≥ 10.0.0; < 10.50.6785.2 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: 32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 4 (QFE): ≥ 10.0.0; < 10.0.6814.4 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: 32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2012 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 4 (QFE): ≥ 11.0.0; < 11.0.7512.11 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Service Pack 4 (QFE): ≥ 11.0.0; < 11.0.7512.11 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: 32-bit Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 3 (CU 4): ≥ 12.0.0; < 12.0.6174.8 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: 32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 3 (GDR): ≥ 12.0.0; < 12.0.6444.4 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: 32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2016 Service Pack 3 (GDR): ≥ 13.0.0; < 13.0.6430.49 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2016 Service Pack 3 Azure Connect Feature Pack: ≥ 13.0.0; < 13.0.7024.30 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (CU 31): ≥ 14.0.0; < 14.0.3460.9 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (GDR): ≥ 14.0.0; < 14.0.2047.8 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2019 (CU 18): ≥ 15.0.0; < 15.0.4280.7 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2019 (GDR): ≥ 15.0.0; < 15.0.2101.7 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: x64-based Systems
- Microsoft / Microsoft SQL Server 2022 (GDR): ≥ 16.0.0; < 16.0.1050.5 (affected, custom). Source: CNA: microsoft; platforms: x64-based Systems

## NVD configuration conditions

Affected CPE matches depend on the following AND/OR and negation conditions:

```json
[
  {
    "negate": false,
    "nodes": [
      {
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2008:sp4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2012:sp4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2014:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2016:sp3:*:*:*:*:x64:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2017:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2019:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2022:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*",
            "vulnerable": true
          }
        ],
        "negate": false,
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ],
    "operator": "OR"
  }
]
```

## Severity and prioritization

- CVSS 3.1: 7.8 (high); CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C; source: CNA: microsoft

- CVSS 3.1: 7.8 (high); CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H; source: NVD: secure@microsoft.com

- CISA KEV: No listing in collected sources

- EPSS: 0.40% as of 2026-11-02; percentile 33.87%

- SSVC: exploitation none; automatable no; technical impact total; source ADP: CISA-ADP

- Weaknesses: CWE-122

## Exploit evidence

No exploit evidence in collected sources. This is not proof of no exploitation.

## References

- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21528 (CNA: microsoft; vendor-advisory, patch)

- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21528 (ADP: CVE; vendor-advisory, x_transferred)

- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21528 (secure@microsoft.com; Patch, Vendor Advisory)

- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21528 (af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108; Patch, Vendor Advisory)

## Provenance

- CNA: microsoft: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-21528; retrieved 2026-11-02; source updated 2026-11-02

- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21528; retrieved 2026-11-03; source updated 2026-11-02

- FIRST EPSS: https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-21528; retrieved 2026-11-02; source updated Not reported

Revision: 8bbcb5a365d264a1676344875c4a455bb399ee8f2e4bfc8b6fc5d9620183ae84

Canonical: https://y2.dev/cve/CVE-2023-21528

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